Description

Benefits Of Each Ingredient*

L-Glutamine

• Most abundant amino acid in skeletal muscle that fuels immune cells, improves exercise recovery, and optimizes gut microbiome (17).
• Vital for lymphocyte (immune cell) proliferation (growth) and paramount in neutrophil (immune cell) destruction of bacteria (17).
• Vital for activation of genetic signals that support immune function and vitality (17).
• Glutamine is utilized by immune cells at high rates during catabolic conditions (post-surgery, sepsis, burns, and extreme exercise (17).

Taurine

• Supports hydration, increased energy, antioxidant function, and increases fat metabolism during aerobic exercise (242,243).
• Supports antioxidant function via combating reactive oxygen species (243).
• Increases fat metabolism during exercise via enhanced mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (cells using fat as fuel) (242).

L- Arginine

• Natural vasodilator precursor to increased nitric oxide levels (1).
• Supports immune function by the maturation of the T cell (immune cell) receptor zeta (TCR) (2).
• Improves exercise performance via increased stroke volume (blood flow) and increased nutrient delivery to exercising muscle (3).
• Reduces arterial blood pressure, insulin resistance, and supports fat lipolysis (fat burning) (4).

BCAA 2:1 (Leucine, Valine, Isoleucine)

• Improve exercise performance, increase muscle protein synthesis, prevent muscle tissue breakdown, supports immunity, gut health, lipid metabolism, and recovery (41,42).
• Leucine stimulates muscle protein synthesis (muscle growth) via stimulation of the mTORC1 pathway (a genetic pathway for cell growth) even in a caloric deficit (41).
• Suppresses muscle degradative pathway (muscle tissue break down) during times of catabolism and caloric deficit (41).
• Leucine stimulates muscle growth in sarcopenic elderly individuals that have increased leucine needs (41).
• Acts as a regulator to promote intestinal development, nutrient transporters, and immune-related function (42).

L-Citrulline

• Supports cardiovascular health and exercise performance by increasing the production of l-arginine (34).
• Increases nitric oxide production, improves exercise performance, and increases blood flow to exercising skeletal muscle (35).
• Supports strength increases, exercise endurance, and recovery (34,35).
• May reduce blood pressure by increasing vascular function (34).

L-Theanine

• A unique non-protein amino acid found in green tea (Camellia sinensis) (54).
• Supports mood, mental clarity, and cognitive health, memory, and is a natural anti-depressant/neuroprotective agent (54)
• Aids as an antidepressant due to partial antagonism for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor manifesting its cognitive optimizing effects (54).

L-Tyrosine

• Supports memory, cognitive flexibility, the executive function of the brain, and convergent thinking (60).
• A precursor to dopamine and is vital for dopamine synthesis in the brain (60).
• Supports cognitive function in individuals with high amounts of stress and anxiety (60,61).
• Increases dopamine levels in highly stressed individuals (60).

L- Lysine

• Supports skin health, immune health, antioxidant function, reduced anxiety, and energy production (313).
• Supports reduced anxiety via decreases in plasma cortisol concentrations (313).

L-Histidine

• Supports immune health (314).

Caffeine

• Optimizes energy, cognitive function, and mental alertness (24).
• Supplementation with caffeine has been shown to acutely enhance exercise performance (24).

Green Tea Extract

• Supports increased nitric oxide production, reduces blood pressure, reduces DNA damage, increases collagen production, increases bone strength, and aids as a neuroprotective agent (31).
• Supports antioxidant function via modulation of antioxidant enzyme expression, protection against oxidative damage, and reduced reactive oxygen species (31).
• Supports cardiovascular health via reduced atherosclerosis, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and improved endothelial vascular function (31).

Theobromine

• Supports increased energy and cognitive function (312).

L-Threonine

• Supports digestive health via restoration of mucin synthesis and stabilization of gut microbiota (311).

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.